St Peter ad Vincula, Pennal

Capel Brenhinol Owain Glyndŵr 1406

Owain Glyndŵr’s Chapel Royal 1406

De Eryri, ar aber Afon Ddyfi, bedair milltir o Fachynlleth

Southern Snowdonia, on the Dyfi Estuary, four miles from Machynlleth

Yn Agored 365 Diwrnod y Flwyddyn. Addoli Cyson.

Canolfan Ddehongli. Teithiau gydag arweinydd i grwpau, trwy drefniant.

Nifer o eitemau o ddiddordeb hanesyddol, gan gynnwys paentiad Aneurin Jones ‘Cynulliad Cymreig 1406’, sy’n dathlu Llythyr Pennal hefyd, ffascimili o Lythyr Pennal, Cedwir y gwreiddiol yn yr Archives Nationales, Paris, Ffrainc.

Open 365 days a year. Regular Worship.

Interpretive Centre. Guided Tours for groups by arrangement.

Many items of historical interest, including:

Aneurin Jones' painting "The Welsh Assembly, 1406", which celebrates the Signing of the Pennal Letter Facsimile of the Pennal Letter - the original is housed in the Archives Nationales, Paris, France.

Yn Llys y Pendragon

In the Court of Pendragon

Yn dilyn esiampl ei hynafiad enwog, Y Tywysog Llywelyn ap lorwerth (Llywelyn Fawr), a gynullodd gyngor o'i benaethiaid ar aber Afon Ddyfi yn 1216, ym mhentref Pennal ym Meirionnydd, yn ystod y Garawys 1406, y llywyddodd Y Tywysog Owain Glyndŵr dros Senedd olaf y Gymru annibynnol. Owain oedd etifedd mantell y Brenin Arthur, a Phendragon olaf Cymru. Yn 1404 fe'i coronwyd yn "Dywysog Cymru drwy ras Duw". Cefnogid Owain gan glerigion Cymreig a gawsai eu diarddel gan Rufain, a chan dywysogion ac uchelwyr ei Bobl. Lluniodd bolisi ar gyfer y genedl Gymreig a'i heglwys a adwaenir hyd heddiw fel Polisi Pennal. Yr oedd hon yn rhaglen radical ac eang ei gweledigaeth sy'n dal hyd heddiw i danio'r dychymyg.

Llywelyn ap lorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), who summoned his Council of Chiefs to the mouth of the River Dovey in 1216, it was in the Merionethshire village of Pennal, during Lent 1406, that Prince Owain Glyndŵr presided over the last Assembly of an independent Wales. Inheritor of the mantle of King Arthur, Owain, the last Welsh Pendragon, was crowned "Prince of Wales by the Grace of God" in 1404. Supported by his outlawed clerics and the nobles and princes of his race, Owain drew up a policy for the Welsh nation and its Church. Known for posterity as The Pennal Policy, it was a radical programme, breathtaking in its breadth of vision, which to this day continues to capture and fire the imagination.

Synod Fawr

A Great Synod

Yn ystod y cyfnod hwn yr oedd dau Bab yn ceisio rheoli'r Eglwys – y naill yn Rhufain a’r llall yn Avignon yn Ffrainc. Gan fod Y Cymry eisioes wedi tyngu llw o deyrngarwch i'r Brenin Rhisiart II, gwrthododd y genedl gydnabod Harri IV yn frenin cyfreithlon, a throsglwyddodd Owain Glynd ŵ r ei deyrngarwch i Benedict XIII, y pab Ffengig, ar y ddealltwriaeth y cyflawnid rhai amodau a fyddai o fudd i genedl y Cymru. Yn bennaf ymhiith y rhain yr oedd yr amodau a ganlyn -

Eglwys Cymru i fod yn gyfan gwbl annibynnol ar Gaergaint, gyda sedd yr Archesgob yn Nhyddewi

Dim ond dynion rhugl eu Cymraeg i gael eu penodi i fywoliaethau yng Nghymru

Dim grantiau na gwaddoliadau o Gymru i’w talu i fynachdai a cholegau yn Lloegr

Cymru i gael dwy brifysgol i addysgu ei chlerigion, y naill yn y gogledd a'r llall yn y de.

Gofynnodd Owain Glyndŵr hefyd i'r Pab Benedict XIII drefnu croesgad yn erbyn Harri IV am fod hwnnw’n dinistrio eglwvsi heb rheswm ac yn dienyddio'r offeiriaid. Gofynnodd i Siarl VI o Ffrainc ddefnyddio'i ddylanwad i berswadio'r pab i ddcrbvn vr amodau uchod.

Y dyddiad ar Lythyr Pennal yw 31 Mawrth 1406, ac aed a'r Llythyr i Baris gan genhadon Owain, sef Hywel Eddoyer a a Maurice Kerry.

It was the time when Europe was divided between two popes, one in Rome and the other at Avignon, in France. In opposition to King Henry IV, whom the Welsh did not accept as King (having pledged allegiance to King Richard II), Owain Glyndŵr, as Welsh Sovereign, transferred his loyalty to Benedict XIII, the French Pope, on the understanding that certain conditions were met. Conditions that were to benefit the Welsh nation. Chief among these were:

The Welsh Church to become independent of Canterbury, with St David's as the Metropolitan see;

Only men fluent in Welsh to be appointed to ecclesiastical posts in Wales;

All grants and endowments from Wales to English monasteries and colleges to cease;

Wales should have two universities to educate her clergy, one in the north and one in the south.

Owain Glyndŵr also asked Benedict XIII to order a Crusade against Henry IV because of his indiscrimiate destruction of Welsh churches and execution of clergy. Owain asked King Charles VI of France to use his influence in persuading the pope to agree to his terms.

The Letter is dated 31 March 1406 and was delivered from Pennal to Paris by Owain's envoys, Hywel Eddoyer and Maurice Kerry.

Llys Brenhinol

A Royal Court

Yn ogystal â derbyn cefnogaeth urddau crefyddol yng Nghymru, yn arbennig y brodyr Ffransisaidd a'r mynaich Sistersaidd, elwodd Owain Glyndŵr yn fawr ar ffyddlondeb a phrofiad prif wŷr Eglwysig yr oes. Brwydrodd llawer ohonynt ochr yn ochr ag ef -

In addition to the support of the religious orders in Wales, and in particular the Franciscan friars and Cistercian monks, Owain Glyndŵr benefited from the loyalty and expertise of the leading Welsh ecclesiastics of his day. Many of them fought by his side.

Gruffudd Yonge

Canghellor & Archddiacon Meirionnydd

Chancellor & Archdeacon of Merioneth

]ohn Trefor

Esgob Llanelwy Bishop of St Asaph

Hywel Cyffin

Deon Llanelwy Dean of St Asaph

Llywelyn ap Ieuan

Esgob Bangor Bishop of Bangor

Ifan ap Bleddyn ap Gronw

Archddiacon Sir Fon Archdeacon of Anglesey

Dafydd ap Ifan ap Dafydd ap Gruffudd

Deon Bangor Dean of Bangor

Proffwydoliaeth Myrddin

Merlin’s Prophecies

Tŷ’r Arglwyddi

A house of Lords